answer choices . Strong French monarchs led revolutions in Latin America. Nonetheless, some political trends may still be recognized. Adams and Clay hoped to secure multilateral agreements at Panama that would solidify republican government, liberal commerce, and diplomatic isolation throughout the hemisphere. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. In Central America, oligarchic systems of governance prevailed ⦠Enlightenment Era concepts, nationalism, and revolutionary ideals sparked decolonization and rebellion.The diversity of colonial populations and tensions among social classes often complicated ⦠The "dark side" of the revolutions was that they were fought, in part, to maintain a racist status quo in the colonies freed of Spanish liberalism. The answer is long and complicated, but here are some of the essential causes of the Latin American Revolution. This half-measure was much more palatable to those who did not want to declare independence outright. This meant that they were not allowed to trade with England or France. As late as 1808, Spain's New World Empire stretched from parts of the present-day western U.S. to Tierra del Fuego in South America, from the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. This was not the case in Latin America. After Spanish and French naval forces were crushed at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, Spain's ability to control the colonies lessened even more. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Christopher Minster, Ph.D., is a professor at the âUniversidad San Francisco de Quito in Ecuador. Europe's strong hold on the economic and political life of Latin America⦠The Haitian Revolution, a bloody but successful uprising of enslaved people against their French colonial enslavers (1791â1804), terrified landowners in the Caribbean and northern South America, and as the situation worsened in Spain, many feared that Spain could not protect them from a similar uprising. From 1807 to 1830, you have a series of revolutions in Latin America, many of which were led by Simon Bolivar, who was a Crejo, or Creole, Venezuelan. In order to sum up a common goal for Latin American nations, a solution was required. He is a former head writer at VIVA Travel Guides. Many Latin Americans began selling their goods illegally to the British colonies and, after 1783, U.S. merchants. Spain discriminated against the Creoles, appointing mostly new Spanish immigrants to important positions in the colonial administration. influence of the French Revolution on the 19c revolutions in Latin America. This video is intended for my 7th Grade social studies class. Much of the history of 20th Century in Latin America has been characterized by political instability and turmoil. the American and French Revolution. Some were a positive influence: The American Revolution (1765â1783) was seen by many in South America as a good example of elite leaders of colonies throwing off European rule and replacing it with a more fair and democratic societyâlater, some constitutions of new republics borrowed heavily from the U.S. Constitution. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Many men and women who would have otherwise supported the royalist side now joined the insurgents. Latin America's civil wars and revolutions did not begin ⦠Independence movements in the northern regions of Spanish South America had an inauspicious beginning in 1806. During the revolution, trade between Great Britain and the revolutionary colonies against the Spanish regime expanded steadily as Spain had opposed trade with Spanish colonies in the past. The occupation of his forces led to the Peninsular War, which gave the Spanish Creole an opportunity to gain independence from their mother country. In 1825 President Adams and Secretary of State Clay seized a new opportunity to shape Latin Americain the United States' image by accepting an invitation to the Panama Congress. Because of this competition, these major players were rivals to each other. the Renaissance. Of all of the factors listed above, the most important is probably Napoleon's invasion of Spain. Although the revolution has left bittersweet memories in the minds of people, the common cause of achieving independence makes it one of the most important events in Latin America. Lati⦠In case of Spanish colonies, only a Spanish pure blood could take high positions of the government in the colonies. A majority of land was held by the Portuguese followed by the Spanish, and then the French. At the beginning of the 1800s, Latin America was firmly under the control of Spain and Portugal. During this time, Napoleon marshaled his forces and invaded Europe, including Portugal and Spain in 1808. Those who resisted Napoleon in Spain begged the colonials for help but refused to promise to reduce trade restrictions if they won. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Huascar and Atahualpa: an Inca Civil War. Haitian Revolution and Latin American Revolutions Learn with flashcards, games, and more â for free. Right, so before independence, Latin American society was characterized by three institutions that exercised control over the population. Initial attempts at ⦠showed revolutionaries that it was possible to have a rebellion that eventually lead to success answer choices . Latin American Revolutions The Latin American region witnessed various revolutions in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In the North, the Whites slowly became the dominant population. Other revolutions were not as positive. (Sorry guys, lost my voice. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. The answer is long and complicated, but here are some of the essential causes of the Latin American Revolution. Some Spanish officials must have realized this and so the decision was taken to squeeze the utmost out of the colonial system before it collapsed. 9th - 10th grade. The first serious revolt in the war for Latin America independence began in Mexico, by Miguel De Hidalgo, a parish priest, who rallied the peasants, the indigenous people and the metizos (people of mixed European and Native American descent) against Spanish colonial rule on September 16, 1810. Latin American Revolution 1. Lack of Respect for the Creoles By the late eighteenth century, the Spanish colonies had a thriving class of Creoles (Criollo in Spanish), wealthy men and women of European ancestry born in the New World. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. They only let their pure blood citizens govern the colonies. The remarkable leadership of José Gervasio Artigas and Fulgencio Yegros was a huge contributing factor to Uruguay’s and Paraguay’s independence. The loss of life and destruction caused during these series of wars was beyond belief. We hope you enjoy this website. The English had taken North America, eventually losing it to the colonists in the late 18th century. The result of these revolutions was the formation of independent countries in Latin America. Causes of the American Revolution The Stamp Act : The Stamp Act, which was passed in 1765, was Parliamentâs first serious attempt to assert governmental authority over the thirteen American colonies. The independence of Latin America from Spain was a foregone conclusion as soon as the creoles began thinking of themselves as Americans and the Spaniards as something different from them. Revolution spread to most of Latin America, and from 1810 to 1825, Mexico, Central America, and South America gained independence from Spain and Portugal. The French Revolution in Europe followed, and collectively these events had profound effects on the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies in the Americas. The war against the Spanish forces saw many regions gain independence. The independence of Latin America After three centuries of colonial rule, independence came rather suddenly to most of Spanish and Portuguese America. Under the leadership of Simon Bolivar, on June 24 1821, Venezuelan forces defeated the Spanish and gained independence. The origins of the Latin American independence movements of the early 1800s might be ⦠This irritated the influential Creoles who correctly felt that they were being ignored. But in the end, there was no real going back from such a step. This is all I can muster for this one.) The Sugar Act was the first fully enforced tax levied in America ⦠You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Between 1808 and 1826 all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest. This caused resentment within the privileged classes. This led the colonists to believe that Spain was not as powerful as believed, and hence they capitalized on the circumstances. There were many battles fought and the colonies gained their freedom and became the independent country of the United States. (A) San Martin (B) LâOuverture (C) Bolivar (D) Morelos From whom did the Haitianâs seek to gain their independence? While Spain was racially "pure" in the sense that the Moors, Jews, gypsies, and other ethnic groups had been kicked out centuries before, the New World populations were a diverse mixture of Europeans, Indigenous people (some of whom were enslaved), and enslaved Black people. As an ally of Napoleon's First French Empire, Spain willingly joined with Napoleonic France and began fighting the British. In which John Green talks about the many revolutions of Latin America in the 19th century. After all, these events helped shape the future of more than just one country. The loss of life in these wars was unimaginable. In 1788, Charles III of Spain, a competent ruler, died, and his son Charles IV took over. We will see the causes of the revolution and the events that caused it. Usually members of the Creoles, American born Spaniards, who owned most of the land. There was a growing sense in the colonies of being separate from Spain. The Latin American War of Independence comprised numerous wars and conflicts that took place between the year 1808 and 1829. First proposed by Bolívar, the Panama Congress would bring together all of the independent American governments in the summer of 1826. Sign up to receive the latest and greatest articles from our site automatically each week (give or take)...right to your inbox. Revolutionaries emerged to oppose Spanish rule in South America, which was skewed to only favor the colonialists by exploiting the natives. Even if Spain had agreed to these changes, they would have created a more powerful, wealthy colonial elite with experience in administering their home regionsâa road that also would have led directly to independence. By the late eighteenth century, the Spanish colonies had a thriving class of Creoles (Criollo in Spanish), wealthy men and women of European ancestry born in the New World. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. With a weak ruler and the Spanish military tied up, Spain's presence in the New World decreased markedly and the Creoles felt more ignored than ever. His remarkable military tactics were instrumental in defeating the Spanish forces. How could Spain's New World Empire fall apart so quickly and completely? Argentina was the first to formally declare independence on July 9, 1816. By the late 18th century, Spain was forced to loosen some trade restrictions, but the move was too little, too late, as those who produced these goods now demanded a fair price for them. The proclamation of independence of Peru was made by José de San Martin on July 28, 1821, and although Bolivia gained independence from Spain in 1809, it was followed by sixteen years of pain and struggle before being established as a republic. The ethnic diversity was much more prevalent in South America than in the North. Spain granted neither, which caused great resentment and helped lead to independence. The American Revolution was the first in the Americas, and the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War (1775â1783) was a surprising victory against a great power. Revolutions in both regions were based on the idea of natural rights. Inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment and the wars for independence in other parts of the globe, Latin American gained momentum to began their own revolution. If there was some allowance, heavy taxes were levied. Colonial System in Latin America By the late 1700s, most of Latin America had been colonized especially by Spain, but also Portugal and France. Not only did it provide a massive distraction and tie up Spanish troops and ships, it pushed many undecided Creoles over the edge in favor of independence. America was a mixing of many different races ⦠By the time Spain was beginning to stabilizeâFerdinand reclaimed the throne in 1813âcolonies in Mexico, Argentina, and northern South America were in revolt. In which John Green talks about the many revolutions of Latin America in the 19th century. 1750-1914: An Age of Revolutions Latin American Independence Movements 2. Nepotism: It was not nepotism in the pure sense, but seeing how big the colonies were relative to the small countries that had captured them, it did seem like nepotism. When Great Britain attacked Buenos Aires in 1806â1807, Spain could not defend the city and a local militia had to suffice. In 1838 the Central American Federation was formed when the independent states of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, ⦠The native slaves and the African slaves often were laborers on their plantations. Although Simon Bolivar is credited for being the father of Latin American revolutions, it was a relatively lesser known Venezuelan priest Francesco Miranda who led the first revolt against the Spanish. The time when the upheaval began in Latin America, there was a lot of instability in Europe. Latin American Independence 649 Words | 3 Pages. Spain Portugal The Netherlands France What was the class of most of the revolutionaries in Haiti? Although they had Spanish blood and were descendants of Spanish citizens in the true sense, they were not allowed high posts in the Government. This led the South American colonists to believe that even they could thwart the Spanish and Portuguese. In short, there was no eradication of the native population by the colonists. Copyright © Historyplex & Buzzle.com, Inc.
A Spain ruled by France was an outrage even for New World loyalists. By the end of the eighteenth century, the visiting Prussian scientist Alexander Von Humboldt (1769â1859) noted that the locals preferred to be called Americans rather than Spaniards. A series of conflicts and battles led to the independence of the Peruvian and Bolivian colonies. These differences were cultural and often a source of great pride among Creole families and regions. It was a kind of medieval arms race, where the country had more glory if it had the maximum amount of land in the world under its governance. Our site includes quite a bit of content, so if you're having an issue finding what you're looking for, go on ahead and use that search feature there! In the War of Independence, Ecuador and Colombia too gained independence after battling the Spanish armies. These revolutions had a great impact and long-lasting implications on the countries in Latin America. 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