Many communities have their own particular style of cuisines, such as the Jains, Kayasths and Muslims. [269] The state is also facing challenges such as a shortage of healthcare professionals, increasing cost of healthcare, the mushrooming of private healthcare and a lack of planning. Bird sanctuaries in the state include Bakhira Sanctuary, National Chambal Sanctuary, Chandra Prabha Sanctuary, Hastinapur Sanctuary, Kaimoor Sanctuary, and Okhla Sanctuary. [99] These forests are confined to areas which have low annual rainfall (50–70 cm), a mean annual temperature of 25–27 °C and low humidity. [29] Soon after Harshavardhana's death, his empire disintegrated into many kingdoms, which were invaded and ruled by the Gurjara-Pratihara empire, which challenged Bengal's Pala Empire for control of the region. C1 – Population by religious community, Uttar Pradesh. Sugarcane is the most important cash crop as the state is country's largest producer of sugar. [3] The Literacy rate of the state according to the 2011 Census is 70.69%. Allahabad Junction is the headquarters of the North Central Railway and Gorakhpur Railway Station serves as the headquarters of the North Eastern Railway. Green Park Stadium in Kanpur, the only internationally recognised cricket stadium in the state, has witnessed some of India's most famous victories. Hindi 24-hour television news channels are NDTV India, DD News, Zee News, Aaj Tak, News18 India, and ABP News. In 2011 there were total 222403 families residing in Sant Ravidas Nagar district. [239], Traditional sports, now played mostly as a pastime, include wrestling, swimming, kabaddi, and track-sports or water-sports played according to local traditional rules and without modern equipment. It has a population of about 199,812,341[1] as per the 2011 census. The state has more than 32 large and small rivers; of them, the Ganges, Yamuna, Saraswati, Sarayu, Betwa, and Ghaghara are larger and of religious importance in Hinduism. [278] There is a long literary and folk Hindi-language tradition in the state. Since much sunlight reaches the ground, shrubs and grasses are also abundant. [164][148] While the Uttar Pradesh civil judicial services comprise the Civil Judges (Junior Division)/Judicial Magistrates and civil judges (Senior Division)/Chief Judicial Magistrate, the Uttar Pradesh higher judicial service comprises civil and sessions judges. [111], Each district is governed by a District Magistrate, who is an Indian Administrative Service officer appointed Government of Uttar Pradesh and reports to Divisional Commissioner of the division in which his district falls. [93] In spite of rapid deforestation and poaching of wildlife, a diverse flora and fauna continue to exist in the state. [69] The first in the eastern tract consisting of 14 districts which are subject to periodical floods and droughts and have been classified as scarcity areas. [142] The state contributes 80 seats to the lower house of the Indian Parliament, Lok Sabha and 31 seats to the upper house of the Indian Parliament, Rajya Sabha. The state is attracting foreign direct investment which has mostly come in the software and electronics fields; Noida, Kanpur and Lucknow are becoming major hubs for the information technology (IT) industry and house the headquarters of most of the major corporate, media and financial institutions. Islam is followed with majority in 1 out of 71 districts. As of the 2011 census, Allahabad is the most populous district of Uttar Pradesh while Mahoba being the least populated. European-style trousers and shirts are also common among the men.[294]. Among males the most important reason for migration was Work / Employment.[208]. The entire alluvial plain is divided into three sub-regions. On the contrary, Gautam Buddha Nagar scores highest in literacy rate at 80.12% and Kanpur Nagar 2nd at 79.54%, while both being the poorest districts in terms of sex-ratio, depicting a negative-correlation among literacy and sex-ratio in this case. Literacy among women is quite low, going as low as 50.59% in Muslim community. [226] The railway stations of Allahabad Junction, Lucknow NR, Kanpur Central, Varanasi Junction, Agra Cantt, Gorakhpur Junction, Mathura Junction included in the Indian Railways list of 50 world-class railway stations. It is more populated than the world's 242 countries. [24], Control over Gangetic plains region was of vital importance to the power and stability of all of India's major empires, including the Maurya (320–200 BC), Kushan (AD 100–250), Gupta (350–600), and Gurjara-Pratihara (650–1036) empires. Domestic tourist most commonly visit for religious purposes while foreign tourist visit for ghats along river Ganges. Uttar Pradesh has been called India's under-achiever because it has provided India with eight prime ministers while remaining a poor state. Awadh has been greatly influenced by Mughal cooking techniques, and the cuisine of Lucknow bears similarities to those of Central Asia, Kashmir, Punjab and Hyderabad; and the city is known for Nawabi foods. Traditional dance and musical styles are taught at the Bhatkhande Music Institute University in Lucknow, named after the musician Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande. Uttar Pradesh has a population more than that of Pakistan. Modern human hunter-gatherers have been in Uttar Pradesh[15][16][17] since between around[18] 85,000 and 72,000 years ago. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India with a population of over 199.5 million people on 1 March 2011. Five of these tribal communities have been recognised by the Government of India as disadvantaged scheduled tribes, viz. [282] Linguistically, the state spreads across the Central, East-Central, and Eastern zones of the Hindi Belt, the major Hindi languages of the state being Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Bundeli, Braj Bhasha, Kannauji and Hindustani.[283]. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Firozabad in 2011 is 604,214; of which male and female are 319,415 and 284,799 respectively. [270] As on 2017, number of government hospital in rural and urban areas of Uttar Pradesh are 4442 (39104 beds) and 193 (37156 beds) respectively. Percentages are calculated out of total population for respective district, depicting the share of a religion's population in that district. Khayal is a form of semi-classical singing which comes from the courts of Awadh. 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