Canada is standing by to offer any possible assistance to New Zealand in responding to this natural disaster. Due to the extensive damage of a number of secondary schools, many were forced to share with others, allowing one school to use the ground in the morning and the other in the afternoon. [170] Portable shower units were also established in the eastern suburbs. [24], The upwards (positive acceleration) was greater than the downwards, which had a maximum recording of 0.9g; the maximum recorded horizontal acceleration was 1.7g[26] The force of the earthquake was "statistically unlikely" to occur more than once in 1000 years, according to one seismic engineer, with a PGA greater than many modern buildings were designed to withstand. Erskine, N., Daley, V., Stevenson, Su. The earthquake happened 5 km south-east of Christchurch; it had a focal depth of of 5 km. [109], 185 people from more than 20 countries died in the earthquake. Christchurch's strongest local earthquake in more than a year may have been generated by the same fault that caused the damaging Boxing Day quake in 2010. (2014). [56], The six-storey Canterbury Television (CTV) building collapsed in the earthquake, leaving only its lift shaft standing, which caught fire. View a summary of the effects of the Christchurch earthquake which occurred on Tuesday 22 February, 2011. Impact of a major disaster on the mental health of a well-studied cohort. [68] By mid-2019 early design and stabilisation work had begun. Christchurch being New Zealand’s second most populated city, there were many casualties caused by the earthquake. Japan sent 70 search-and-rescue personnel including specialists from the coastguard, police and fire fighting service, as well as three sniffer dogs. The red devil in Christchurch. Sydenham Heritage Church and the Beckenham Baptist Church were heavily damaged, and then demolished days after the earthquake. Impact of average household income and damage exposure on post-earthquake distress and functioning, A community study following the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. [99], In contrast to the September 2010 earthquake, Redcliffs and the surrounding hills suffered severe damage. The fault slopes southward beneath the Port Hills and did not break the surface – scientists used instrument measurements to determine its location and movement. [91] Two people died on local walking tracks after being hit by rockfalls. The department responded to the situation by activating their crisis plan, forming 20 trauma teams. [178], China gave US$500,000 to the earthquake appeal, and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao expressed his deep condolences to New Zealand. [258][262] Those with relatively high exposure to earthquake damage show an increase in positive effects, including an increase in personal strength, growth in social relationships, the bringing of families closer, and realizing what's important in life. The census was ultimately deferred to 5 March 2013. Christchurch Earthquake response. [207] All courses expected to resume by 28 March, with plans for the April break to be shortened by two weeks to make up for lost time. Christchurch Police were supplemented by staff and resources from around the country, along with a 323-strong contingent of Australian Police, who were sworn in as New Zealand Police on their arrival, bringing the total number of officers in the city to 1200. "[119] It was only the second time that New Zealand had declared a national civil defence emergency; the first occasion was the 1951 waterfront dispute. Prime Minister John Key confirmed that, "All Civil Defence procedures have now been activated; the Civil Defence bunker at parliament is in operation here in Wellington. [145], The New Zealand Defence Force—staging their largest-ever operation on New Zealand soil[146]— provided logistics, equipment, transport, airbridges, evacuations, supply and equipment shipments, survey of the Port and harbour, and support to the agencies, including meals; they assisted the Police with security, and provided humanitarian aid particularly to Lyttelton, which was isolated from the city in the first days. It was deemed unstable and demolished in April 2011. [237], In the year to June 2011, the population of Christchurch had fallen by 8,900 people or 2.4% of its population, with a historic annual population growth of 1%. At 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday 22 February 2011, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake caused severe damage in Christchurch and Lyttelton, killing 185 people and injuring several thousand. [24] The acceleration occurred mainly in a vertical direction,[16] with eyewitness accounts of people being tossed into the air. Researching the mental health effects of earthquakes and other disasters is important so communities can heal properly after experiencing a traumatic event. [262] Depressive symptoms before a disaster can predict higher chances of developing PTSD following a trauma. At the sight of the Christchurch earthquake and other earthquakes worldwide, liquefaction can take place. [62] The reinforced concrete building had been constructed in 1963–1964. [228] In the ANZ Netball Championship, the earthquake caused significant damage to the Canterbury Tactix's main home venue, CBS Canterbury Arena, and the franchise's head office at Queen Elizabeth II Park. "[186], Barack Obama, President of the United States, issued a statement from the White House Press Office on the disaster by way of an official announcement that "On behalf of the American people, Michelle and I extend our deepest condolences to the people of New Zealand and to the families and friends of the victims in Christchurch, which has suffered its second major earthquake in just six months... As our New Zealand friends move forward, may they find some comfort and strength in knowing that they will have the enduring friendship and support of many partners around the world, including the United States." [229] The team's round three match against the Northern Mystics in Auckland was postponed,[229] while their round four home match against the Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic was moved to the Energy Events Centre in Rotorua. The USGS said the recent earthquakes are caused by the lateral movement of the edges of one of these regional faults in a process known as "strike-slip" faulting. On Tuesday 22 February 2011 at 12.51 p.m. Christchurch was badly damaged by a magnitude 6.3 earthquake, which killed 185 people and injured several thousand. [223] Some matches needed to be rescheduled. The earthquake’s epicentre was near Lyttelton, just 10 km south-east of Christchurch’s central business district. With limited water supplies for firefighting, a total fire ban was introduced, and the fire service brought in water tankers from other centres. [165], Generators were donated, and telephone companies established emergency communications and free calls. NSW Task Force 1, a team of 72 urban search and rescue specialists from New South Wales, Australia was sent to Christchurch on two RAAF C-130J Hercules, arriving 12 hours after the quake. They took into account a technical investigation undertaken by the Department of Building and Housing. Canterbury earthquake of 4 September 2010, List of tallest buildings in Christchurch, St Paul's-Trinity-Pacific Presbyterian Church, International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, Urban Search and Rescue California Task Force 2, Canterbury Earthquake Commemoration Day Act 2011, The Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission, UC CEISMIC Canterbury Earthquakes Digital Archive, List of disasters in New Zealand by death toll, "M 6.2 Christchurch Tue, Feb 22 2011: Technical", "M 6.2 Christchurch Tue, Feb 22 2011: Story", "Ice breaks off glacier after Christchurch quake", "List of deceased – Christchurch earthquake", "M 6.2 Christchurch Tue, Feb 22 2011: Details", "M 6.1 – South Island of New Zealand: Regional information", "Factors combined to intensify Chch quake", "New Zealand hit by strong quake, 65 dead", "Deadly quake could be sign of more to come", "Christchurch earthquake: Rockfall threat still strong, say experts", "Christchurch quake press conference Monday morning", "The Christchurch Feb 22nd Earthquake: A Personal Report", "New Zealand quake raises questions about L.A. buildings", "Second Christchurch fault much better behaved", "Christchurch earthquake: Wrecker's tip for leaning tower", "Christchurch earthquake: Radar points to rupturing of single fault", "Port Hills half a metre taller after Christchurch earthquake", "22 February 2011 – Christchurch badly damaged by magnitude 6.3 earthquake", "Christchurch earthquake: Deadly tremors rebounded on city", "New Zealand Earthquake Report – Apr 16 2011 at 5:49 pm (NZST)", "Damage assessed after 'violent' 5.3 aftershock hits Christchurch", "New Zealand Earthquake Report – Jun 13 2011 at 1:01 pm (NZST)", "Magnitude 6.0, Mon Jun 13 2011 2:20 PM: Technical", "Magnitude 6.0, Mon Jun 13 2011 2:20 PM: Details", "Workmen unscathed as Timeball Station collapses", "Canterbury Earthquake: Fire Service struggling to cope with rescue effort", "Canterbury Earthquake: Main roads to Christchurch open", "Christchurch quake: 'Dead bodies lying around, "New Zealand earthquake: 65 dead in Christchurch", "Christchurch quake: 'Buildings just piled on top of people, "How will we rebuild our shattered city? [59] A government report later found that the building's construction was faulty and should not have been approved. The EQC further limits its own risk by taking out cover with a number of large reinsurance companies, for example Munich Re. [205], On the day of the earthquake, the main secondary school teachers' union, the Post Primary Teachers Association, had arranged a paid union meeting to be held that afternoon for members in the Christchurch area. Christchurch earthquake: 10,000 homes face demolition ... Mon 7 Mar 2011 03.22 EST. [141] The United Kingdom sent a 53 strong search and rescue team including nine Welsh firefighters who had assisted the rescue effort during the 2010 Haiti earthquake. State of national emergency. What are they now doing to clear the mess up? [173], Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard offered Australia's assistance. [16], The current New Zealand building code requires a building with a 50-year design life to withstand predicted loads of a 500-year event. The earthquake generated a significant series of its own aftershocks. [2] The earthquake struck the Canterbury region in New Zealand's South Island and was centred 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) south-east of the centre of Christchurch,[10] New Zealand's second-most populous city. [79], The historic Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings were severely damaged, with the Stone Chamber completely collapsing.[14][80]. [230] AMI Stadium was going to host the rugby league ANZAC Test, however, on 4 March it was announced the match would be moved to Skilled Park on the Gold Coast. Read more about the 2011 Christchurch earthquake on NZHistory. [7] Fire-fighting and recovery operations resumed that night,[58] later joined by a Japanese search and rescue squad. [157], Humanitarian support and welfare were provided by various agencies, in particular the New Zealand Red Cross[158] and the Salvation Army. Christchurch being New Zealand’s second most populated city, there were many casualties caused by the earthquake. Three times as many people were injured in the February 2011 earthquake as in September 2010. The hidden fault that caused the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. [262] The displacement of large numbers of citizens following a trauma poses as a problem for researchers of natural disasters. The 2011 Inter Dominion harness racing series was scheduled to be held at Addington Raceway in March and April however the series was instead contested in Auckland. [64] Search of the building was technically difficult for USAR teams, requiring the deconstruction of 4-tonne stair sets, but the building was cleared with no victims discovered.[65]. He added that the thoughts and prayers of the Commonwealth were with the citizens of New Zealand, and Christchurch especially. The 2011 Canterbury Earthquakes caused significant damage. [235], The chief executive of Statistics New Zealand, Geoff Bascand, announced on 25 February that the national census planned for 8 March 2011 would not take place due to the disruption and displacement of people in the Canterbury region, and also the damage sustained by Statistics New Zealand's buildings in Christchurch, which was scheduled to process much of the census. not including outlying urban areas from other districts, Christchurch continues to have a significantly larger population over Wellington.[239][240]. [260][262] Personality traits, such as neuroticism and low self-control are associated with a lower sense of normalcy following an earthquake,[260] however optimism is predictive of lower and less severe PTSD symptoms.[260]. Liquefaction is the process of soil particles liquefying because they have been disturbed by secondary waves and then they re-arrange, meaning that soil mass compacts and decreases in volume, allowing water to come to the surface of a land area. The earthquake in February 2011 occurred at 12:51 p.m. and just 10 kilometers (6 miles) … Within two hours of the quake national co-ordination was operating from the National Crisis Management Centre located in the basement of the Beehive in Wellington.[119]. Surgenor, L.J., Snell, D.L., & Dorathy, M.L. 185 people died as a result of the magnitude 6.3 earthquake that struck the Canterbury region on 22 February, 2011. The second civic office building of Christchurch City Council, Our City, had already been damaged in the September earthquake and was heavily braced following the February event. "[19], While both the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes occurred on "blind" or unknown faults, New Zealand's Earthquake Commission had, in a 1991 report, predicted moderate earthquakes in Canterbury with the likelihood of associated liquefaction. [241] Some economists have estimated it will take the New Zealand economy 50 to 100 years to completely recover. Linwood College and Shirley Boys' High School moved back to their original sites on 1 August (the first day of Term 3), and 13 September 2011 respectively. This boundary moves the plates side by side, which causes land forms to slide past each other, however land is not created nor destroyed, it is pressed against each other and moved. ... We will be doing everything we can to work with our New Zealand family, with Prime Minister Key and his emergency services personnel, his military officers, his medical people, his search and rescue teams. "Christchurch earthquake" redirects here. Initial reports by GNS Science suggested that ground motion "considerably exceeded even 2500-year design motions",[32] beyond maximum considered events (MCE). EQC chief executive Ian Simpson said that the $4 billion cap for each earthquake is unlikely to be exceeded by the costs of residential building and land repairs, so $3 billion would be left in the EQC's Natural Disaster Fund after payouts. [231][232] The Canterbury Rugby League cancelled their pre-season competition. The earthquake epicentre was near Lyttelton, just 10 kilometres south-east of Christchurch’s central business district. Trajectories of posttraumatic growth and depreciation after two major earthquakes. The last survivor was pulled from the rubble the day after the quake. On February 22nd 2011, a delayed aftershock of a previous earthquake occurred in Christchurch, New Zealand. [137] The United States sent Urban Search and Rescue California Task Force 2, a 74-member heavy rescue team consisting of firefighters and paramedics from the Los Angeles County Fire Department, doctors, engineers and 26 tons of pre-packaged rescue equipment. The west wall suffered collapses in the June 2011 earthquake and the December 2011 quake[66] due to a steel structure – intended to stabilise the rose window – pushing it in. Porirua, Upper Hutt, and Lower Hutt, all outside of the Wellington City Council area, are included in the Wellington main urban area definition. [47] The TranzAlpine was cancelled until 4 March, to allow for personnel resources to be transferred to repairing track and related infrastructure, and moving essential freight into Christchurch, while the TranzCoastal has been cancelled until mid-August. [222], New Zealand Cricket's offices were damaged by the earthquake. It has an X rating on the Mercalli scale, signifying that it was an intense earthquake. The Australian Government also pledged A$5 million (NZ$6.7 million[175]) to the Red Cross Appeal. Land around the fault, in the Port Hills, in Cashmere and in the seaside suburbs, rose, fell and slid. [159], The 66 kV subtransmission cables supplying Dallington and New Brighton zone substations from Transpower's Bromley substation were damaged beyond repair, which necessitated the erection of temporary 66 kV overhead lines from Bromley to Dallington and Bromley to New Brighton to get power into the eastern suburbs. In September 2010, Christchurch was shaken by the magnitude 7.1 Darfield earthquake, caused by movement along faults west of the city on the Canterbury Plains. Even though the February 2011 earthquake was smaller in magnitude than the September 2010 earthquake, its impact was much greater. [176], The UN and the European Union offered assistance. What caused the quake? Kuijer, R.G., Marshall, E.M., & Bishop, A.N. Many thousands of people suffe… [133] They were aided by DVI teams from Australia, UK, Thailand[134] Taiwan and Israel.[133]. Perceptions of distress and positive consequences following exposure to a major disaster amongst a well-studied cohort. Killing 185 people, the 2011 Christchurch earthquake is recorded as the nation’s most deadliest national disaster. Soil liquefaction and surface flooding also occurred. [127][128][129][130][131] Many of them received standing ovations from appreciative locals as they walked through Christchurch Airport upon arrival. The fault that caused the quake cannot be seen from the surface, but it runs about 6 km south of the city centre. The President also made a call to Prime Minister Key. The earthquake was caused by the two plates being forced together for a long time. It has an X rating on the Mercalli scale, signifying that it was an intense earthquake. One person died of a heart attack suffered during the quake, but doctors could not determine whether the quake was the cause. Drone assesses Christchurch Cathedral earthquake damage Posted on: July 7, 2016 2:10 PM A still image from a video producced by a drone camera inside New Zealand’s Christchurch Cathedral showing damaged caused by the February 2011 earthquake. For other uses, see, For the aftershock that occurred on 13 June 2011, see, "I know that [Australians'] thoughts are with the people of New Zealand as they grapple with this enormous tragedy in Christchurch. Different demographics may benefit from different types of mental counseling to help them recover from trauma. A September 2010 earthquake centered 40 kilometers (25 miles) west of Christchurch, in the plains near Darfield, struck at 4:35 a.m., had a magnitude of 7.1, and caused some structural damage and one death (by heart attack). A September 2010 earthquake centered 40 kilometers (25 miles) west of Christchurch, in the plains near Darfield, struck at 4:35 a.m., had a magnitude of 7.1, and caused some structural damage and one death (by heart attack). However, the violent magnitude 6.3 earthquake that devastated Christchurch on 22 February 2011 was caused by movement along a fault that does not appear to have broken the surface. 6.3 magnitude earthquake part of aftershock sequence As a comparison, the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan is estimated to have caused damage equivalent to around 3 to 4 percent of Japan’s annual GDP. ", CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Television interview with Minister Brownlee on NZ TV One, 24 February 2011 at 19:30 NZT. [7] Due to the injuries sustained some bodies remained unidentified. The earthquake destroyed the ChristChurch Cathedral's spire and part of its tower, and severely damaged the structure of the remaining building. [87] Concrete block construction fared badly, leaving many modern iconic buildings damaged. The 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a 6.3 magnitude earthquake which struck the South Island of New Zealand at 12:51 pm on 22 February 2011 NZT. The earthquake in February 2011 occurred at 12:51 p.m. and just 10 kilometers (6 miles) from the center of Christchurch. A second team of 70 from Queensland, Queensland Task Force 1, (including three sniffer dogs),was sent the following day on board a RAAF C-17 . The epicentre was closer to Christchurch, and shallower at 5 kilometres (3 mi) underground, whereas the September quake was measured at 10 kilometres (6 mi) deep. The quarter final matches were moved to Auckland. What was the cost of the earthquake? Christchurch, the country’s second largest city, suffered widespread damage, particularly in the central city and eastern suburbs. [47] Road surfaces were forced up by liquefaction, and water and sand were spewing out of cracks. Rhodes, B., & Becker, L. (2013). Positive effects, such as a greater sense of community connection, can aide in helping the community heal as a whole. On 23 February, Hotel Grand Chancellor, Christchurch's tallest hotel, was reported to be on the verge of collapse. The severest of those events were the earthquake (magnitude from 7.0 to … The EQC again covers all amounts above NZ$4 billion. [75] Demolition was completed in May 2012. The earthquake was caused by the two plates being forced together for a long time. [22] The PGA is also one of the greatest-ever ground accelerations recorded in the world,[24] and was unusually high for a 6.2 quake,[25] and the highest in a vertical direction. Most of the damage was in areas surrounding the epicentres. The Christchurch earthquake caused extensive damage to infrastructure and buildings. What happened to the buildings? The fault which the Christchurch quake of 2011 occurred on was unknown before the event. This is the cause the 2011 New Zealand earthquake. The earthquake was felt across the South Island and parts of the lower and central North Island. What caused the 2011 Christchurch earthquake in New zealand? It excluded the investigation of any questions of liability, the earthquake search and rescue effort, and the rebuilding of the city. [100] Large boulders were found on the lawns of damaged houses. The population loss caused by the earthquake reversed this, with the Wellington main urban area back in second position. [147] Over 1400 Army, Navy and Air Force personnel were involved,[148] and Territorials (Army Reserve) were called up. Dorahy, M.J., Rowlands, A., Renouf, C., Hanna, D., Britt, E., & Carter, J.D. Causes The earthquake struck the city of Christchurch in New Zealand on 22 February 2011. Prospective predictors of short-term adjustment after the Canterbury earthquakes: Personality and depression. [156], Australia's foreign minister Kevin Rudd told Sky News that New Zealand's Foreign Affairs Minister Murray McCully had asked for further help from Australia. Three RNZAF Beechcraft Super King Air aircraft were also used to evacuate people from Christchurch. [136] A team of 55 Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team members from the Singapore Civil Defence Force were sent. In the central city, two buses were crushed by falling buildings. This means seismic activity is very high. [64] The building was thought to be irreparably damaged and have the potential to bring down other buildings if it fell; an area of a two-block radius around the hotel was thus evacuated. [125], Gerry Brownlee, a Cabinet Minister, had his regular portfolios distributed amongst other cabinet ministers so that he could focus solely on earthquake recovery.[126]. One of the plates will become higher than the other and cause the land to not only move away horizontally but vertically as well. Welfare Centres and support networks were established throughout the city. We will be working alongside them to give as much relief and assistance to New Zealand as we possibly can. [179], Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper released a statement saying: "The thoughts and prayers of Canadians are with all those affected by the earthquake. [189] All Black Sonny Bill Williams and Sky Television both made large donations from Williams' fourth boxing bout which was dubbed "The Clash For Canterbury". [196] New Zealand's governor-general, Sir Anand Satyanand, attended, along with John Key, Bob Parker, and a number of local and international dignitaries. (This is 23:51 21 February UTC). [236] Much of the NZ$90 million cost of the 2011 census was written off. The Governor-General also had to revoke his previous proclamation of the date of the census. The centre of Christchurch City and the eastern suburbs were badly affected. Because the earthquake hit during the lunch hour, some people on the footpaths were buried by collapsed buildings. Michael Daly 15:19, Jan 27 2012. The 22nd February 2011 M6.2 Christchurch Earthquake caused extensive damage, injuries, and loss of life. [220][221], Christchurch was set to host five pool matches and two quarter finals of the 2011 Rugby World Cup. Was it a Conservative plate boundary? [233] [177] Kamalesh Sharma, Commonwealth Secretary-General, sent a message of support to the Prime Minister and stated "our heart and condolences go immediately to the bereaved." One P-3 Orion was deployed in the initial stages of the disaster to provide images and photographs of the city. Statistics New Zealand expects Christchurch's population growth rate to return to pre-earthquake levels. [178], Various sporting events were set up to raise money, such as the "Fill the Basin" cricket match at the Basin Reserve, featuring ex-New Zealand internationals, All Blacks and actors from The Hobbit, which raised more than $500,000. At 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday 22 February 2011, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake caused severe damage in Christchurch and Lyttelton, killing 185 people and injuring several thousand. What else happened? [52] On 28 February 2011, the Prime Minister announced that there would be an inquiry into the collapse of buildings that had been signed off as safe after the previous earthquake on 4 September 2010, "to provide answers to people about why so many people lost their lives. The Causes of the Christchurch Earthquake On the 22nd of February 2011, 12:51 pm a catastrophic earthquake hit Christchurch, New Zealand. Christchurch's Catholic basilica has remained closed since the 2011 earthquake. [216][217] Avonside Girls' High School returned to its original site at the start of 2012. [84][85][86], Several other churches were seriously damaged, including: Knox Presbyterian Church, St Luke's Anglican Church, Durham Street Methodist Church, St Paul's-Trinity-Pacific Presbyterian Church, Oxford Terrace Baptist Church, Holy Trinity Avonside and Holy Trinity, Lyttelton. The 2011 Chrischurch earthquake was caused by movement of the Oceanic Plate and the Antarctic Plate. [49] In the central city, two buses were crushed by falling buildings. [23] This is the highest PGA ever recorded in New Zealand; the highest reading during the September 2010 event was 1.26g, recorded near Darfield. Marian College did not return to the original site in Shirley but instead moved to a site at Cathedral College on Barbadoes Street. A State of National Emergency was declared (for the first time ever, after an initial period of local management for the first 24 hours). 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